Common Property Resources

Environmental Concerns in Global Politics

World politics encompasses various aspects of global affairs, including wars, treaties, state power, government relationships, and intergovernmental organizations. However, contemporary issues such as agricultural land loss, overgrazing, water depletion, and pollution are also part of world politics. These issues have political consequences, as no single government can fully address them....

The Protection of Global Commons

Commons are resources shared by a community, such as a common room, community center, park, or river. Global commons, such as the earth’s atmosphere, Antarctica, ocean floor, and outer space, require common governance by the international community. Cooperation over these commons is challenging, with agreements like the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, 1987 Montreal Protocol, and 1991 Antarctic Environmental Protocol....

Antarctica

The Antarctic continental region, covering over 14 million square kilometers, is home to 26% of the world’s wilderness area, 90% of terrestrial ice, and 70% of planetary fresh water. It has a highly productive marine ecosystem, including plants, marine mammals, fish, birds, and krill. The region plays a crucial role in maintaining climatic equilibrium and provides valuable information about greenhouse gas concentrations and atmospheric temperatures. Despite differing claims to sovereignty, the Antarctic and Arctic polar regions have adopted innovative environmental protection rules, limiting activities to scientific research, fishing, and tourism....

Common But Differentiated Responsibilities

The approach to the environment varies between developed and developing countries. The North wants everyone to be equally responsible for ecological conservation, while the South believes that developed countries must take more responsibility for undoing the damage caused by industrial development. This principle, accepted in the Rio Declaration, emphasizes the importance of cooperation in global partnerships to conserve, protect, and restore the Earth’s ecosystem....

Common Property Resources

Common property refers to the rights and duties of a group regarding the nature, use, and maintenance of a resource. Village communities in India have defined these rights and responsibilities. However, factors like privatization, agricultural intensification, population growth, and ecosystem degradation have led to a decline in common property’s size, quality, and availability to the poor globally. In South India, sacred groves have traditionally been managed by village communities....

India’s Stand on Environmental Issues

India’s Role in Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions:...

Environmental Movements: One or Many?

Environmental degradation has been a global challenge, with significant responses coming from groups of environmentally conscious volunteers working at both international and local levels. These movements are among the most vibrant, diverse, and powerful social movements today, generating new forms of political action and raising new ideas and long-term visions of what we should do and not do in our individual and collective lives....

Resource Geopolitics

Resource geopolitics is the study of who gets what, when, where, and how resources are used. It has been a key factor in global European power expansion and interstate rivalry. Western geopolitical thinking has been dominated by the relationship of trade, war, and power, with overseas resources and maritime navigation being key priorities. During the First and Second World Wars, European powers prioritized naval timber supply....

The Indigenous Peoples and Their Rights

Indigenous people are descendants of people who inhabited a country’s present territory when people of different cultures or ethnic origin arrived and overcame them. They now live more in conformity with their social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions than the institutions of the country. In world politics, approximately 30 crore indigenous peoples, including India, occupy areas in Central and South America, Africa, India (where they are known as Tribals), and Southeast Asia. Indigenous voices call for the admission of indigenous people to the world community as equals....

Conclusion

In conclusion, the environment and natural resources are essential for the survival of all living beings. The environment provides us with air, water, food, shelter, and other resources that we need to live. Natural resources are the materials that we use to make everything from clothes to cars to computers. However, human activity is putting a strain on the environment and natural resources. We are polluting the air and water, depleting forests, and overfishing the oceans. This is causing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other environmental problems....

Environment and Natural Resources

What is the focus of Chapter 6 of Class 12 Political Science?...