Democracy in Nepal
Nepal transitioned from being a Hindu kingdom in the past to a constitutional monarchy in the modern era. Throughout this period, political parties and the populace of Nepal have advocated for a more transparent and responsive government. However, the king, supported by the army, maintained strict control over the government and curtailed the expansion of democracy.
In response to a robust pro-democracy movement, the king acquiesced to the demand for a new democratic constitution in 1990. During the 1990s, Nepal’s Maoists gained traction across various regions, advocating armed rebellion against the monarchy and ruling elite, sparking violent clashes between Maoist insurgents and the king’s armed forces. This resulted in a triangular conflict among monarchists, democrats, and Maoists.
In 2002, the king dissolved parliament and dismissed the government, extinguishing even the limited democracy in Nepal. However, in April 2006, massive nationwide pro-democracy protests ensued. The pro-democracy forces achieved a significant milestone when the king was compelled to reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives. Led largely by the Seven Party Alliance (SPA), Maoists, and social activists, the movement was predominantly non-violent.
Nepal’s transition to democracy remains unfinished. Currently, the country is in a unique phase as it moves toward forming a constituent assembly tasked with drafting a new constitution. Some segments of Nepalese society argue for the retention of a nominal monarchy to preserve historical ties.
The Maoist factions have agreed to halt armed struggle and advocate for radical social and economic restructuring programs in the constitution, although not all SPA parties may endorse this agenda. Some political groups deeply suspicions toward the role of the Indian government in Nepal’s future.
Chapter 3 Contemporary South Asia| Class 12 Political Science Notes
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