Peace and Cooperation
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) stands as a major initiative by South Asian states to foster cooperation through multilateral means. Originating in 1985, SAARC unfortunately hasn’t achieved significant success due to persisting political differences.
SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade (SAFTA) agreement, envisioning the establishment of a free trade zone across South Asia. SAFTA, signed in 2004 and effective from January 1, 2006, aims to lower trade tariffs to 20 percent by 2007.
Despite the conflict and violence in India-Pakistan relations, concerted efforts have been made to manage tensions and build peace. The two countries have agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war. S. Enhanced connectivity, increased trade, and eased visa processes are tangible outcomes of these efforts.
While India-Pakistan relations remain a focal point, outside powers like China and the United States also wield significant influence in South Asian politics. Although Sino-Indian relations have improved, China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a contentious issue. Economic reforms and liberal policies have deepened American engagement in the region since the end of the Cold War.
The trajectory of South Asia—whether it remains conflict-prone or evolves into a regional bloc with common cultural and trade interests—rests largely on the actions and policies of the people and governments within the region, rather than external forces.
Chapter 3 Contemporary South Asia| Class 12 Political Science Notes
Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 3: Class 12 Political Science notes for Chapter 3, Contemporary South Asia, are really important for CBSE board exams. They’re made by subject experts and cover all the main topics like SAARC, SAFTA, and how countries in South Asia get along.
By reading these notes, students can better understand the key concepts and dynamics of contemporary South Asia, which will help them prepare effectively for their CBSE Class 12 board exams. They are a great resource for class 12 students who want to learn more about the world around them.