Principle
It works on the principle that particular antibodies will bind the target antigens and they will detect the absence or presence and quantity of binding antigens. The plate we are using should be coated with antibodies with high affinity to increase the precision and sensitivity of the assay. ELISA can provide a correct and useful measure of antibody-antigen concentration.
Concept
This technique works on the principle of antigen-antibody binding. This technique falls under the category of labeled immunoassay. Immunoassay basically depends upon how the interaction occurs between the antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab). Now an immunocomplex will be formed which consists of an Ag-Ab complex. The ELISA technique is basically used to identify and measure the antibodies, proteins, peptides, and hormones in the blood. This technique is very sensitive and specific in nature, in which the specific antigens or antibodies will bind to their homologous antigens or antibodies.
What is ELISA? – Introduction, Procedure, Types, Applications
A basic array technique called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that basically used to identify and measure the antibodies, proteins, peptides, and hormones in the blood. Its test result can provide us the information about the disease that may help in planning treatment. It compares with other antibody assays to provide quantitative results and separation of non-specific and specific interactions caused by continuous binding to solid surfaces, usually polystyrene multiwell plates.
Antigen (Ag)
A toxic molecule or any foreign matter that causes an immune response in the body is called an antigen. In immunology, an antigen term originally referred to substances that generate antibodies. Antigens can be proteins, peptides, lipids, or nucleic acids.
Antibody (Ab)
An antibody is a blood protein that is produced in our body by the immune system in response to and to counteract a specific antigen. Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins.