Types of Migration

Migration is the term for when individuals relocate inside a country or across international borders. It has been discovered through research on migration that migrants can be classified into the following groups:

1. Considering the Place of Origin and Destination of Migrants

a) Internal Migration

People moving about inside the borders of a nation or state. A shift of residence within a state, region, city, or municipality is referred to as internal migration. Internal migration is additionally classified into four types:

• Rural to Urban Migration (R-U): The movement of population from rural areas to the nearby towns and cities mainly in search of better livelihood and standard of living, i.e., employment, education, and recreation facilities.
• Rural to Rural Migration (R-R): Mostly agricultural workers, because of marriages, and sometimes looking for land for cultivation.
• Urban to Urban Migration (U-U): The relocation from one metropolitan community to the next looking for more significant compensation and another market for business potential opens doors.
• Urban to Rural Migration (U-R): The movement from urban areas or cities to rural areas to get freed off the urban problems like air pollution, overcrowding, noise pollution, and returning to their native place after retirement from jobs.

b) International Migration

This indicates that people are relocating across international borders. An international migrant is a person who relocates to a different nation. International migrants are additionally classified as:

• Legal Immigrants: Legal immigrants are the individuals who moved with the lawful authority of the beneficiary country.
• Unlawful Immigrants: Unlawful immigrants are individuals who moved without lawful authorization.
• Refugees: Refugees are those who crossed a worldwide limit to get away from abuse.

2. Considering How Long Migrants have been in a Particular Area

Considering how long migrants have been in a particular area, it is divided into the following:

• Short-term Migration: The migrants stay outside just for a brief length prior to getting back to their place. Examples: Tourists, business trips.
• Long-term Migration: The migrants stay outside, essentially, for a couple of years. Examples: Companies send their employees for projects and students for education.
• Seasonal Migration: Usually, a group of people moves from their local spots during a specific season and return after the finish of that season. Agriculture-based labor is an example of seasonal migration.

3. Considering How Prepared Each Person is for Migration

It is divided into the following:

•  Voluntary Migration: If the movement happens on migrant choice, drive and want to reside in a good place. Example: Business company CEOs.
• Involuntary Migration: If the relocation happens against the desire of migrants, it is called involuntary migration. Example: Refuges.

Migration is the movement of people from one location to another, either permanently or temporarily. Population redistribution is mostly influenced by migration. India has seen waves of migration from all over the world throughout its history. Southeast Asia, as well as Central and West Asia, have sent the most migrants. They have established themselves and their homes in many regions of India. Like this, a large number of Indians have left their homeland to seek better opportunities elsewhere in the world.

One of the main reasons people migrate is in search of a better life. Many Indian migrants are accommodated by nations in North and South America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Australia, and South-East Asia. Some people move in search of work opportunities, to join family, or to study. Others move to escape conflict, or human rights violations. Still others move in response to the adverse effects of climate change etc.

In this article, we will read about What is migration, types of migration, causes of migration, migration patterns, the impact of migration, etc.