Family Courts
- The Family Courts in India handle cases pertaining to matrimonial relief, such as annulment of marriage, judicial separation, divorce, restoration of conjugal rights, determination of the legality of marriage and an individual’s matrimonial status, property of either spouse or both, determination of an individual’s legitimacy, guardianship or custody of a minor, maintenance, and procedures under the CrPC.
- On September 14, 1984, the Indian government passed the Family Courts Act, 1984, establishing the family courts and encouraging conciliation as a means of securing a prompt resolution of marital and family related conflicts.
- The idea was to remove family and marital conflicts from the busy, overcrowded traditional courts of law and place them in a more congenial and understanding setting. Instead of “confrontation,” the goal was “conciliation” between the divided family members.
- The focus was on family conflict resolution using non-adversarial means. According to the Act, a party cannot be represented by counsel without the court’s express consent. But the court always gives its approval, and often a lawyer is the one representing the parties.
- The most distinctive feature of the Family Court’s procedures is that they are initially submitted to conciliation; the Court will only take up the subject for trial if the conciliation process is unable to settle the issue.
- The conciliators are experts that the court appoints. After a final order is made, the person who was wronged might file an appeal with the High Court. A bench of two judges will consider such an appeal.
Other Types of Courts in India
Earlier, India’s legal system was mostly dependent on courts for the resolution of judicial matters. The courts have established several precedents over the years that have greatly helped the Indian democracy maintain peace and harmony. The creation of tribunals and other courts has facilitated the faster resolution of specific disputes. Establishments of other courts have also helped the judiciary cope with a significant backlog of cases. The main level of courts and other courts have played a vital role in delivering justice and upholding the rule of law.
Key Takeaways
- Apart from the criminal and civil courts, other specialized courts and tribunals have been created in India to oversee particular legal domains.
- These include the National Green Tribunal (NGT), the Central Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT), the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (MACT), the Rent Control Tribunal, the Railway Claims Tribunal, the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT), and so on.
- By reducing the number of cases that must be heard in regular courts and giving parties swift relief, these special courts aim to increase judicial efficiency.
Table of Content
- Other Courts in India
- 1. Family Courts
- 2. Administrative Tribunals
- 3. Lok Adalats
- 4. Commercial Courts
- 5. Labor Courts
- Conclusion
- Other Courts in India- FAQs