Neuroglial Cells

Neuroglial cells are non-excitable cells of the nervous system that helps in packaging and support. They also help in providing nutrition, protection, and repair of the nervous system. More than 50% volume of neural tissue is neuroglial cells.

Classification of neuroglial cells

Neuroglial cells are broadly classified into two types namely Microglial cells and Macroglial cells.
Macroglial cells are further divided into four types-

1. Astrocytes: These are star-shaped cells that form the blood-brain barrier. They act as selectively permeable membrane and allows selective substances to move in the brain and thus prevent infections. They also help in repairing and healing of nervous system.
2. Ependymal cells: Brush-bordered columnar cells that produce and move cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They also absorb old CSF. They are present in the ventricles of the brain and the Central canal of the spinal cord.
3. Oligodendrocytes: Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the formation of myelin sheath in neurons of the central nervous system.
4. Schwann cells: These cells are responsible for the formation of myelin sheath in neurons of the peripheral nervous system.

Difference Between Neurons And Neuroglia: Neurons​ and Neuroglia collectively form the Nervous system of higher vertebrates. The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating processes in the body. It is ectodermal in origin. Neuroglial cells form more than 50 percent of the nervous system. The major difference between neurons and neuroglial cells is in their structure ure and functions.