A trigger is a stored procedure in a database that automatically invokes whenever a special event in the database occurs. For example, a trigger can be invoked when a row is inserted into a specified table or when specific table columns are updated. In simple words, a trigger is a collection of SQL statements with particular names that are stored in system memory. It belongs to a specific class of stored procedures that are automatically invoked in response to database server events. Every trigger has a table attached to it....

The SQL WITH clause was introduced by Oracle in the Oracle 9i release 2 database. The SQL WITH clause allows you to give a sub-query block a name (a process also called sub-query refactoring), which can be referenced in several places within the main SQL query....

MariaDB is one of the most widely used open-source relational database management systems, it offers many useful commands for manipulating database structures. It supports the same features that MySQL does but with additional features. Some of the most significant features are new storage engines, JSON API support, and parallel data replication....

MongoDB Atlas offers a free tier suitable for small–scale applications and initial development phases, while production–grade instances provide enhanced performance, scalability, and features for mission–critical applications....

Accessing and manipulating data stored in databases is a fundamental aspect of software development. With the advent of REST (Representational State Transfer) architecture, interacting with databases has become even more streamlined and accessible....

SQLite is a very lightweight and embedded Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). It requires very minimal configuration and it is self-contained. It is serverless, therefore it is a perfect fit for mobile applications, simple desktop applications, and embedded systems. While it may not be a good fit for large-scale enterprise applications, it can offer simplicity, and portability and can be easy to use. In this article, we are going to cover its NOT NULL Constraint and its different aspects....

Joins in SQL are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column (or common column) between them. In this article, we will learn how to use FULL OUTER JOIN, which returns all rows from both tables being joined. It combines the results of both LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN. Instead of discarding a row with no match, it fills NULL in the cells and returns all the rows (or tuples) from the left and right tables....

In MySQL, We have two commonly used clauses in SQL queries that are EXISTS and IN used for querying data efficiently for high-performance applications. EXISTS and IN are the two most important clauses that are used to filter and extract data from the database. Although they both use subqueries in the same way, they serve different purposes and are used in different ways....

Pagination is a common requirement in database applications, especially when dealing with large datasets. SQLite, a popular embedded relational database management system, offers several methods to paginate results efficiently. In this article, we will learn about what is the best way for efficient paging by understanding various methods along with the syntax and examples....

In the domain of large-scale E-commerce websites, data management is important for smooth operational functioning. Entity-Relation (ER) diagrams constitute a fundamental tool for organizing and visualizing the relationships between entities within the system....

Duplicate rows are a common problem in MySQL databases. Duplicate rows can cause problems with data accuracy and integrity. They can also make it difficult to query and analyze data. They can occur for a variety of reasons, such as:...

The health and fitness tracking industry has witnessed strong popularity with the advancement of wearable devices and mobile applications. A well-structured database tailored to the specific needs of this domain is crucial for managing user data, tracking fitness activities, and providing personalized insights....